Reasons for rapid wear of CNC machining tools
The development of modern manufacturing technology and the widespread use of CNC machining equipment have greatly promoted the advancement of cutting technology. With the need for numerical control and automation of the production and processing process, the emergence of super heat-resistant alloys, titanium alloys and carbon fiber-containing composite materials, etc., have more stringent requirements for the quality of metal cutting tools, high reliability, high precision, long life, and fast speed. Indexing replacement, good chip breaking, etc., the thermal hardness of the tool and tool wear have become the key to the cutting process.
In the cutting process, the tool wear that usually occurs includes the following three forms:
The first type is wear due to mechanical action, such as chipping or abrasive wear;
The second type of wear due to cutting heat, such as adhesion, diffusion, etc.;
The third type is fracture, thermal fatigue, and thermal cracking caused by the softening and melting of the cutting edge caused by chemical factors.
1) Causes of mechanical wear
When cutting difficult-to-machine materials, tool wear occurs in a short period of time. This is due to the fact that there are many factors that promote tool wear in the processed material. Most difficult-to-machine materials have the characteristics of low thermal conductivity. As a result of this effect, the bonding strength of the binder in the tool material will decrease at high temperatures, thereby accelerating tool wear.
2) Wear caused by cutting heat
When cutting materials with high hardness and high toughness, the temperature of the cutting edge is very high, and similar tool wear will also occur when cutting difficult-to-machine materials. Especially when machining workpiece materials that generate short chips, craters wear near the cutting edge, and tool breakage often occurs in a short time.
3) Wear caused by chemical factors
The components in the difficult-to-machine materials and some components in the tool materials react under cutting high temperature conditions, and the components will appear, fall off, or generate other compounds, which will accelerate the formation of chipping and other tool wear phenomena.
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