Why use cutting fluid in machine tool processing?
There are many metal processing methods, among which cutting is the most common and widely used one in metal processing. Why use cutting fluid in machine tool processing? In the metal cutting process, a lot of friction is generated between the tool and the workpiece, and the interface between the tool and the chip, which increases the cutting force, cutting heat and workpiece deformation, which leads to tool wear and also affects the workpiece. The quality of the machined surface.
The role of cutting fluid is mainly reflected in the following four aspects:
1. Cutting fluid has a cooling effect
Due to the self-cooling capacity of the cutting fluid, its direct cooling effect can not only reduce the cutting temperature, reduce tool wear and extend tool life, but also prevent the workpiece from thermal expansion and warpage on the machining accuracy, and cool the machined surface to inhibit thermal deterioration. The production.
2. Cutting fluid has a lubricating effect
The lubrication effect of cutting fluid refers to its ability to reduce the friction, wear, fusion and adhesion between the rake face and chips, and the flank face and the surface of the workpiece. Under certain conditions, the use of a good cutting fluid can reduce the friction between the front and back of the tool, thereby reducing power, increasing tool life, and obtaining better surface quality. What is more important is to reduce the chance of generating built-up edge (ie, knife edge).
3. Cutting fluid has a cleaning effect
During the cutting process, fine chips, metal powder, and sand powder of the grinding wheel (particularly when processing cast iron, honing, and fine grinding) are produced and adhere to the tool, the two processing surfaces and the moving parts of the machine tool, causing mechanical scratches And wear, resulting in deterioration of the surface quality of the workpiece, tool life and machine accuracy reduction. Therefore, the cutting fluid is required to have a good cleaning effect, and a certain amount of pressure is often given during use to improve the scouring ability and wash away the fine chips, sand particles, and binder powder in time.
4. Cutting fluid has anti-rust effect
In the machining process, the workpiece and the machine tool are attacked by surrounding media such as moisture, oxygen, hand sweat, acidic substances, and dust in the air, resulting in corrosion. This kind of rust is particularly prominent in high temperature, high humidity seasons or humid areas. At the same time, according to the long turnaround time of metal parts processed in our country in the workshop, the cutting fluid itself must not only not corrode machine tools, tools and workpieces, but also have good anti-rust performance on metal products.
The good comprehensive performance of cutting fluid makes it play a huge role in metal cutting. Reasonable selection of cutting fluid can extend tool life, ensure and improve machining accuracy, prevent corrosion or rust of workpieces and machine tools, improve cutting efficiency, and reduce energy consumption and production costs.
