How many types of machining centers?
Machining centers are often divided into vertical machining centers, horizontal machining centers, gantry machining centers and universal machining centers according to the state of the spindle in space. The spindle of the machining center is called a vertical machining center in a vertical state in the space, and a horizontal machining center with the spindle in a horizontal state in the space.
(1) Vertical machining center: The structure is mostly fixed column type, and the worktable is rectangular, which is suitable for processing plate, sleeve and plate parts. Vertical machining centers usually have three linear motion coordinates, XYZ axes, and a fourth axis A axis can be installed on the worktable. The vertical machining center is easy to clamp, easy to operate, easy to observe the processing situation, and convenient to debug the program. However, due to the influence of the height of the column and the tool changing mechanism, parts that are too high cannot be processed. The vertical machining center has a simple structure, small footprint and low price.
(2) Horizontal machining center: Usually a mobile column is used, and the headstock is moved up and down along the guide rail between the two columns. Horizontal machining centers usually have three linear motion coordinates. Facing the machine tool, the left and right movement is the X axis, the front and rear movement is the Z axis, and the up and down movement is the Y axis. Horizontal machining centers can also install a fourth axis A-axis on the table. Parts such as helical cams and cylindrical cams can be processed. The horizontal machining center is inconvenient to observe when debugging programs and trial cutting pins, inconvenient to monitor during processing, and inconvenient to clamp and measure parts, but it is easy to arrange pins during processing. Compared with the horizontal machining center, the vertical machining center has a complex structure, a large area and a higher price.
(3) Gantry machining center: Most of its spindles are vertically set, with ATC system and replaceable spindle head accessories. The system software has many functions, and can be used for multiple purposes in one machine, which is suitable for processing large parts.
(4) Universal machining center: The universal machining center is a five-sided machining center, which has the functions of a vertical machining center and a horizontal machining center. After the workpiece is clamped once, it can complete all the side and top machining except the installation surface. Common universal machining centers are: 1. The spindle can be rotated 90°, which can work like a vertical machining center or a horizontal machining center. 2. The spindle does not change its direction, and the worktable rotates 90° with the workpiece. Finish the machining of five faces. In short, according to the number and function of the workbench: there are single workbench machining centers, double workbench machining centers, and multi workbench machining centers.
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