How to achieve the preventive maintenance of CNC equipment
Nc machine tool is running after a certain period of time, will inevitably be some electrical components or mechanical parts some damage or failure, for this kind of high precision, good and expensive equipment, how to prolong the service life of electrical components and parts abrasion cycles, prevent all kinds of faults, especially the malignant accidents in the bud, thus improve the trouble-free working time and the service life of the machine tool, An important aspect is to do a good job of preventive maintenance. CNC machine tools are usually the key equipment of the enterprise, there are some abnormal phenomena in the operation, but it does not necessarily affect the operation, the production task is busy often let the machine work with illness, did not do preventive maintenance work in time, such a long time after use, will inevitably cause the machine tool to produce a large fault. In the current equipment management concept, should be done in advance maintenance rather than after the emergency repair. Maximize machine efficiency while saving maintenance costs.
The main parts and methods of preventive maintenance
1. Strictly follow the operating procedures
Numerical control machine tool programming, operation and maintenance personnel, must undergo special technical training, familiar with the machine tool machinery, numerical control system, strong electric equipment, hydraulic, pneumatic parts of the relevant knowledge and machine tool use environment, processing conditions, etc.. It can be used correctly and reasonably according to the instructions of machine tools and NUMERICAL control systems, and should try to avoid the failure caused by improper operation. Usually, the nc machine tool fault is partly due to the operation, the programmer on the degree of master of machine tool is too low, equipment management personnel should be developed at the same time improve the reasonable operation rules, demands of operation personnel in strict accordance with the procedures for normal maintenance work, make a good record of succession, fill out the check card.
2. Prevent overheating of CNC system and drive unit
Due to the complex structure of CNC machine tools, high precision, so the temperature control is strict, general CNC machine tools are required to ambient temperature of 20℃ or so, at the same time, the machine tool itself also has a good heat dissipation and ventilation system, in order to ensure the environment temperature at the same time, should also ensure the normal work of the machine tool heat dissipation system. The working state of the cooling fans of the electrical cabinet should be checked regularly and cleaned every six months or one quarter according to the environment of the workshop. Numerical control and drive device overheating often cause many faults, such as control system disorder, unstable work, serious can also cause module burn out.
3. Monitor power grid voltage of CNC system
Generally, the power grid voltage fluctuation range allowed by the NUMERICAL control system is 85% ~ 110%. If it exceeds this range, the numerical control system will not work stably at a light level, or important electronic components will be damaged. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the fluctuation of power grid voltage. For areas with poor power grid quality, appropriate regulated power supply should be configured in time to reduce faults.
4. Machine tools are required to have good grounding
Now there are a lot of enterprises are still using three-phase four-wire system, machine tool zero ground joint. This often brings a lot of hidden dangers to machine tools. Some CNC systems are very strict about grounding. Such as the German DMU company production of five axis linkage machining center, because there is no use of separate grounding wire, many times resulting in machine tool misaction or even burned a drive system. Therefore, in order to enhance the anti - interference ability of NUMERICAL control system, a separate grounding wire is used.
5. Regular inspection of lubrication parts of machine tools
In order to ensure the normal transmission of mechanical parts, lubrication is very important. The lubrication parts should be inspected and lubricated regularly according to the contents specified in the machine tool instruction manual.
6. Clean the filter in the hydraulic system regularly
If the filter is clogged, it will often cause trouble. Such as the pressure sensor in the hydraulic system, flow sensor signal is not normal, resulting in machine alarm. Some cylinder driven actuator action is slow, resulting in timeout alarm or actuator action is not in place.
7. Check air source regularly
CNC equipment is basically to use compressed air, used to clean the grating ruler, purge spindle and tool, oil mist lubrication and with the cylinder to drive some mechanical parts transmission. The air source is required to reach a certain pressure and to be dried and filtered. If the air source humidity is high or there are impurities in the air pipe, the grating ruler will be greatly affected or even damaged. At the same time, the gas source in oil mist lubrication, such as water and impurities, will directly affect the lubrication, especially the high precision and high speed spindle.
8. Hydraulic fluid and coolant should be replaced regularly
Because the hydraulic system is a closed network, the hydraulic oil quality will change after a certain time, affecting the normal operation of the hydraulic system. So it must be replaced regularly.
9. Check machine accuracy regularly
After the machine tool is used for a period of time, its precision will certainly decline, and it may even be out of waste. Through the inspection of the machine tool's geometric accuracy, it is possible to find some hidden dangers of the machine tool, such as some parts loose. The laser interferometer is used to test the position accuracy regularly. If the accuracy is found to decrease, the position accuracy can be compensated through the compensation function of the CNC system to restore the machine accuracy and improve the rate.
10. Check and replace dc motor brushes regularly
Some of the older CNC machines are mostly dc motors, and excessive wear of their brushes can affect their performance. The brushes must be checked regularly. CNC lathes, CNC milling machines and machining centers should be inspected once a year, and frequently accelerated machine tools (such as punches, etc.) should be inspected once every two months.
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